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- WORLD, Page 67MEXICODemocracy Wins a Round
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- For the first time, the P.R.I. concedes defeat in a
- gubernatorial race
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-
- Democracy came to Mexico last week -- sort of. In the
- booming border state of Baja California Norte, Ernesto Ruffo
- Appel, the candidate of the conservative National Action Party
- (PAN), was declared the victor over Margarita Ortega Villa, the
- candidate of the ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party
- (P.R.I.) in the race for governor. Once officially confirmed
- this week, Ruffo's victory will mark the first time in the
- 60-year history of the P.R.I. that the party has conceded defeat
- in such an election. "It is a decisive event," says political
- analyst Jorge Castaneda, "the first that will have an authentic
- historic significance in this administration."
-
- Those words had a hollow ring in the state of Michoacan,
- where the results of the state legislature's race -- another of
- the five state elections held last week -- remain hotly
- contested by Cuauhtemoc Cardenas and his Democratic
- Revolutionary Party (P.R.D.). The old pattern of fraud and
- stolen elections seemed to be reasserting itself as the P.R.I.
- claimed to have won ten of the 18 electoral districts while the
- P.R.D., alleging widespread irregularity, insisted that it had
- carried 15 districts. At a press conference on election day,
- Cardenas accused the P.R.I. of cheating by changing the location
- of the casillas (voting sites) at the last minute, allowing
- P.R.I. supporters to cast more than one ballot and barring
- P.R.D. officials from the casillas.
-
- The Ruffo victory is nevertheless regarded as a crucial
- turning point for the seven-month-old presidency of Carlos
- Salinas de Gortari and a watershed in Mexican politics. Salinas,
- who took office amid charges that he was elected by fraud, vowed
- that "opposition victories will be respected." He has led a
- forceful campaign against corruption by arresting powerful drug
- lords, businessmen and labor leaders. Yet he is still perceived
- as someone elected by and for the Establishment. The P.R.I.'s
- acceptance of defeat in Baja is considered a critical test of
- Salinas' ability -- and desire -- to enforce reform within his
- own party.
-
- Some analysts contend Salinas purposely allowed PAN, which
- is philosophically closer to his administration than is
- Cardenas' radical P.R.D., to win an election to restore the
- ruling party's lost credibility. Others theorize that Salinas
- has a vision of Mexico that does not include a monopoly on power
- by a single party. By forcing the increasingly sclerotic P.R.I.
- into an opposition role, goes the argument, the defeat in Baja
- will eventually lead to a more resilient political system.
- Perhaps. But what no one disputes is that the state of the
- economy was a major factor behind Salinas' decision to loosen
- P.R.I. control.
-
- Since 1982, the country has been battered by a financial
- crisis that has fueled popular resentment, partly by eroding the
- system of political patronage that has helped keep the P.R.I.
- in power. In recent months, the World Bank and the International
- Monetary Fund have announced new loans and guarantees designed
- to help Salinas lead the country out of its economic slump. And
- there were signs last week that Mexico and 15 foreign banks were
- on the verge of an agreement that would offer the country a 35%
- discount on the face value of Mexico's $54 billion debt to
- commercial banks, cutting back the annual repayments that are
- sapping Mexico's Treasury. According to Susan Kaufman Purcell,
- vice president for Latin American Affairs at the New York-based
- Americas Society, Salinas realizes that political reform must
- accompany desperately needed economic changes. Says Purcell:
- "Political reforms became a kind of safety valve to allow him
- to continue the economic restructuring without creating
- political conflict."
-
- It is also possible that Salinas' form of limited democracy
- may increase pressure to reform the entire system. The voters,
- says Jesus Blancornelas, editor of the independent Tijuana daily
- Zeta, are like "a person who has been jailed and is suddenly let
- free. They're not going to want to go back to jail."
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